An investigation was carried out into the effect of various chemicals on the permeability of the plasma membrane and tonoplast of beetroot cells. Beetroot cell vacuoles contain a red pigment, which cannot pass out of the cells because it cannot diffuse through their tonoplasts and plasma membranes.

$1c{m^3}$ cubes were cut from beetroot and washed in running water for twenty minutes to remove any pigment released from damaged cells.

They were then placed in different solutions and the results observed. In each case the solution turned red.

What shows the correct behaviour of phospholipids and proteins in different solutions?