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جستجو

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It is claimed that a certain 6-sided die is biased so that it is more likely to show a six than if it was fair.

In order to test this claim at the 10% significance level, the die is thrown 10 times and the number of sixes is noted.

a) Given that the die shows a six on 3 of the 10 throws, carry out the test.

On another occasion the same test is carried out again.

b) Find the probability of a Type I error

c) Explain what is meant by a Type II error in this context.

پاسخ تشریحی :
نمایش پاسخ

a) ${H_0}:{\text{ }}P\left( 6 \right) = {\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}$

${H_1}:{\text{ }}P\left( 6 \right) \gt {\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}$

$1 - \left( {{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^{10}} + 10\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right){{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^9} + {}^{10}{C_2}{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^2}{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^8}} \right)$

$ = 0.225{\text{ }}\left( {3{\text{ }}sfs} \right)$

$0.225 \gt 0.1$

No evidence that die biased

b) P(4 or more sixes)

$ = 1 - \left( {{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^{10}} + 10\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right){{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^9} + {}^{10}{C_2}{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^2}{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^8} + {}^{10}{C_3}{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^3}{{\left( {{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 5$}
\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em
\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 6$}}} \right)}^7}} \right)$

$ = 0.0697$ or $0.0698$

c) Concluding die is fair when die is biased

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