The second ionisation energy of oxygen is greater than the second ionisation energy of fluorine.
Which factor explains this difference?
1 )
The atomic radius of an oxygen atom is smaller than that of fluorine.
2 )
The covalent bond in a fluorine molecule is weaker than the bond in an oxygen molecule.
A spin-paired electron is removed from fluorine but not from oxygen.
4 )
Fluorine has more electrons in total than oxygen. This causes a greater shielding of the nuclear attraction in fluorine.
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