1 ) 

This is the outward expansion of cities as a result of rapid population growth. New housing is created and some services are developed to cater for the growing population.

2 ) 

B This is a town or city with historical settlement features related to defence. Such settlements are often built on top of hills, at coasts or at river confluences. They often have remnants of defensive fortifications such as castle walls.

3 ) 

Developments which have taken place outside of the traditional structure of city growth. These are usually on the outskirts of cities in previously undeveloped locations with clear evidence of prior planning. 

4 ) 

D Large and newly developed settlements designed to exploit a new resource such as mineral wealth. A new community develops as a response to the influx of migrant workers.