The diagram shows the demand and supply curves of a normal good (X). ${Q_1}{P_1}$ is the initial equilibrium.
Other things being equal, what may cause the change in the market equilibrium to ${Q_2}{P_2}$?

1 )
a fall in household incomes and an increase in interest rates
a rise in workers’ real wages in all sectors of the economy
3 )
an increase in income tax and a rise in the specific tax levied on X
4 )
an increase in the price of a substitute product for X and a fall in the costs of producing X
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