Biology 9700/22 May June 2024 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Function of smooth muscle in bronchioles in regulating airway diameter and airflow resistance, essential for efficient gas exchange.

2. Structure-function analysis of capillaries, focusing on thin walls and small diameter facilitating rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients.

3. Role of caldesmon variants in regulating smooth muscle contraction and the process of alternative splicing as a mechanism for generating protein diversity.

4. Immune response mechanism of alveolar macrophages, highlighting phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

5. Advantages of BCG vaccine in TB prevention, including long-term immunity and population-level disease control.

6. Enzymatic action of lysozyme compared to penicillin, with differences in mechanisms targeting bacterial cell walls.

7. Importance of cellulose structure in plant rigidity, linking beta-glucose monomers via β-1,4 glycosidic bonds to form microfibrils.

8. Nitrate uptake by plant roots influenced by environmental conditions and protein synthesis, critical for amino acid and protein production in crops.