Chemistry 9701,43 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge AS - A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Acid-Base Chemistry and Buffer Solutions | Conjugate acid-base pairs, buffer solution mechanism, phosphate buffer system, and solubility of Group 2 hydroxides.

2. Energetics and Thermodynamic Cycles | Enthalpy changes of hydration, lattice energy calculations, entropy definitions, and Gibbs free energy analysis.

3. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis | Rate equations, determination of rate constants, catalytic mechanisms, and redox reactions involving Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺.

4. Transition Metal Complexes and Coordination Chemistry | Ligand exchange reactions, stability constants, d-orbital splitting, and color variations in coordination compounds.

5. Organic Reaction Mechanisms and Aromatic Chemistry | Electrophilic substitution in benzene derivatives, oxidation of alkylbenzenes, and interpretation of NMR spectra.

6. Amine and Amide Chemistry | Reactions of ethylamine derivatives, peptide bond formation, and comparison of amine basicity.

7. Phenol and Its Derivatives | Acidity of phenol vs. water, electrophilic substitution with bromine and nitric acid, and reaction pathways from phenylamine to phenol.