Chemistry 9701,12 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge AS - A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Atomic Structure and Ionization Energy | Electron configurations, isotopic composition, first ionization energy comparison between elements, and calculations for molecular and ionic species.

2. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Interactions | Factors influencing boiling points, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and bond angles in polyatomic ions.

3. Stoichiometry and Gas Laws | Volume and mass relationships in chemical reactions, molar gas volume calculations, and empirical formula determination from experimental data.

4. Thermodynamics and Enthalpy Calculations | Standard enthalpy changes, Hess’s law applications, enthalpy of formation, and energetic considerations in chemical reactions.

5. Chemical Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle | Calculating equilibrium concentrations, effects of pressure and temperature on equilibrium, and equilibrium constant (Kc) interpretations.

6. Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis | Rate of reaction dependencies, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, effect of temperature and catalysts, and graphical analysis of activation energy.

7. Periodic Trends and Group Chemistry | Trends in Group 2 hydroxide solubility, nitrate decomposition, halide solubility and colors, and redox behavior in transition metal chemistry.

8. Organic Chemistry and Reaction Mechanisms | Isomer identification, nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, elimination reactions, and oxidation-reduction transformations.

9. Spectroscopy and Analytical Techniques | Mass spectrometry molecular ion peaks, infrared spectroscopy for functional group identification, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications.

10. Environmental and Industrial Chemistry | Photochemical smog formation, role of nitrogen oxides in acid rain, ozone depletion, and industrial applications of organic and inorganic chemistry.