Biology 9700/01 May June 2006 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Resolution comparison of electron (0.5 nm) and light microscopes (200 nm); structures with double membranes include mitochondria and nuclei.

2. Golgi apparatus abundance in goblet cells for mucus secretion; starch hydrolysis detection using Benedict's test.

3. Amylose bonds in polysaccharides; tertiary and quaternary protein structures involving hydrophobic interactions.

4. Osmosis in potato cylinders at equilibrium with sucrose solutions; active transport involving ATP and selective membrane permeability.

5. Cohesion-tension theory in xylem water transport; environmental factors affecting transpiration rates.

6. The Bohr effect shifting hemoglobin's oxygen affinity due to CO₂ levels; emphysema caused by elastase from phagocytes.

7. Smoker's artery plaque formation from endothelial damage by nicotine; streptomycin resistance linked to drug-resistant tuberculosis strains.

8. Natural passive immunity in newborns due to maternal antibodies; nitrogen cycle processes excluding denitrification.