Biology 9700/31 Oct Nov 2008 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Investigation of plasmolysis in onion epidermal cells exposed to distilled water, 1.0 mol dm\\(^{-3}\\), and 0.5 mol dm\\(^{-3}\\) sucrose solutions; degree of plasmolysis quantified using reference diagrams.

2. Effect of temperature on plasmolysis at 0.25 mol dm\\(^{-3}\\) sucrose solution; mean percentage plasmolysis plotted against temperature to evaluate trends and identify anomalies.

3. Tubular structures in animals: plan diagram creation, lumen width calculation using eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer, and sources of error in measurement.

4. Comparison of tubular structure adaptations for substance transport; identification of cellular arrangements supporting functionality and visual contrasts between specimens.

5. Observations on high-power photomicrographs: drawing and labeling representative cells, emphasizing structural details facilitating cellular processes.