Biology 9700/13 May June 2010 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Enzyme activity and denaturation: effects of temperature on reaction rates, distinguishing starch and glycogen structures, and lysozyme removal from contact lenses.

2. Transport processes: osmosis in plant and animal cells, sugar movement in phloem, and active and facilitated diffusion in cell membranes.

3. Heart and respiratory physiology: spirometer trace interpretation, aortic stenosis effects, and systolic blood pressure definition.

4. Immunology: primary and secondary immune responses, memory B-lymphocytes activation, and differences between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.

5. DNA structure and replication: Meselson-Stahl semi-conservative replication evidence and nucleotide substitution in HbA to HbS allele mutation.

6. Ecology and nitrogen cycle: energy transfer efficiency in trophic levels, microbial roles in nitrogen cycle processes, and food chain dynamics in tropical oceans.

7. Measurement precision in microscopy: parallax errors, eyepiece graticule use, and membrane identification for cell organelle functions.