Biology 9700/22 May June 2010

1. Identification of plant vs. animal cell structures in electron micrographs, emphasizing organelle differences like chloroplasts and centrioles.

2. Structural defects in congenital heart disease: patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and ventricular septal defect, linked to blood flow changes.

3. HIV/AIDS impact on African life expectancy: statistical analysis of HIV prevalence vs. life expectancy, and prevention measures like education and antiretroviral access.

4. Lysozyme protein structures: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure significance, with explanations of mutation effects on function and solubility.

5. Human gas exchange system: structural features like cartilage, cilia, and goblet cells' roles in maintaining airway health and efficient respiration.

6. Galapagos Island food web: energy flow among producers (xerophytes, kelp) and consumers (iguanas, hawks), emphasizing ecosystem dynamics and predator-prey relationships.