Biology 9700/43 May June 2012 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Speciation in greenish warblers through reproductive isolation, driven by geographic barriers and gradual changes in traits like mating calls.

2. Monoclonal antibody production involving antigen injection, hybridoma cell formation, and identification of specific antibodies for therapeutic use.

3. Use of VNTRs in genetic fingerprinting, gel electrophoresis to distinguish alleles, and genetic screening applications, including sickle cell detection.

4. Maize flower adaptations for wind pollination and evolutionary mechanisms for Bt toxin resistance in corn borers, with HDR strategy implications.

5. Progesterone's role in regulating the menstrual cycle, dietary impacts on puberty onset, and evidence linking nutrition to hormonal changes.

6. Environmental adaptations in Rafflesia arnoldii contributing to its endangered status, biodiversity conservation importance, and ecosystem stability benefits.

7. X-linked inheritance in fruit flies and humans, genetic diagrams illustrating eye color and hemophilia, and the role of mutations in carrier states.

8. Photosynthesis rate influenced by temperature, contrasting responses in C3 vs. C4 plants, and identification of light intensity as a limiting factor in experiments.