Biology 9700/12 Oct Nov 2013 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Differentiating organelles and structures observable under light and electron microscopes, including Golgi cisternae and chloroplast grana.

2. Investigating biochemical activities across subcellular fractions, emphasizing mRNA synthesis in nuclei.

3. Exploring facilitated diffusion, active transport, and their shared roles in membrane protein functions.

4. Analyzing polymerization processes in biological molecules, focusing on peptide and glycosidic bonds in proteins and carbohydrates.

5. Evaluating effects of competitive and non-competitive inhibitors on enzyme action and reaction rates.

6. Understanding fluid mosaic model properties, emphasizing phospholipid saturation, membrane fluidity, and protein arrangement evidence.

7. Examining adaptations in plant cells for water uptake, transpiration measurement methods, and xylem cohesion mechanics.

8. Investigating human immune responses, differentiating passive and active immunity, and assessing vaccine challenges in disease eradication.

9. Exploring nitrogen cycle events, including nitrification, ammonification, and the roles of saprotrophic organisms in nutrient recycling.

10. Comparing ecosystem characteristics, analyzing trophic levels, decomposer proportions, and energy transfer efficiency in distinct environments.