Biology 9700/42 May June 2014 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Chloroplast structure and functions: transport proteins, pigment localization, and role of chloroplast DNA in protein synthesis.

2. MSTN gene mutation effects on muscle mass and racehorse performance; use of genetic testing in artificial selection.

3. SWEET proteins in sugar transport across membranes, bacterial pathogen resistance in rice, and challenges in genetic engineering for disease resistance.

4. Collared lizard body size, sprint speed, and reproductive success, with evolutionary implications of selection pressures.

5. Role of FSH in follicle and sperm development, impact of genetic modifications on fertility, and hormonal regulation in reproductive cycles.

6. Osmoregulation and ADH action in kidneys, with effects of diabetes insipidus on water balance and urine production.

7. Neurofibromatosis genetic inheritance patterns, spontaneous mutation risks, and optic nerve tumor impact on neural transmission.

8. Differences between white and brown adipose tissue, BAT's role in thermoregulation, and mitochondrial adaptations for heat production.