Biology 9700/12 Oct Nov 2014 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Techniques for determining the actual width of structures using a microscope and eyepiece graticule calibration.
2. Protein digestion mechanisms, enzyme inhibition types, and the effects of environmental changes on enzyme stability.
3. Osmosis, transpiration, and the physiological effects of water potential changes in plants.
4. Structure and function of cell membranes, including cholesterol's role in fluidity and stability.
5. Nitrogen cycle stages, including decomposition and nitrogen fixation, and their roles in ecosystem nutrient cycling.
6. Cellular adaptations and processes in energy transfer, immunity development, and disease persistence mechanisms such as sickle cell anemia.