Biology 9700/13 May June 2016 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Calibration and use of an eyepiece graticule for microscopic measurements; appropriate units for organelle dimensions like nanometers for cell membranes.

2. Organelle functions in lysosome formation; components shared by chloroplasts and mitochondria, including 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.

3. Properties of RNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; sugar presence in reducing sugar tests; identification of β-glucose in polysaccharides.

4. Formation of polysaccharides and glycosidic bonds; structural arrangements in liposomes; bond strength in enzyme activity under temperature stress.

5. Induced fit theory in enzyme-substrate interactions; competitive and non-competitive inhibition effects on enzyme activity.

6. Functions of cell membrane molecules in signaling; fatty acid roles in cell structures and storage; processes like endocytosis and active transport in cells.

7. Mechanisms in mitotic phases; nucleotide pairing in DNA and RNA differences; water movement and transpiration pathways in plant tissues.

8. ATP usage in phloem loading; events in ventricular systole; blood component transitions into lymph and roles in carbon dioxide transport.

9. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation and carbon dioxide effects; symptoms of COPD and factors influencing malaria distribution.

10. Antibiotic impacts on bacterial cell walls; pathogen transmission by air; antibody response curves in immune memory development.