Biology 9700/42 Oct Nov 2016 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Effects of ADH on collecting ducts and genetic causes of diabetes insipidus, including sex-linked inheritance patterns.

2. Biochemical and enzymatic differences between C3 and C4 plants, with emphasis on carbon fixation rates and Calvin cycle enzymes.

3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) steps, including the roles of temperature, primers, and Taq polymerase in DNA amplification.

4. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, mechanisms of evolution, and Hardy-Weinberg calculations for resistance allele frequency.

5. Changes in Italy's land use and their impact on biodiversity across genetic, species, and ecosystem levels.

6. Hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle, effects of contraceptive methods, and advantages of long-term hormonal devices.