Biology 9700/22 March 2018 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Identification of Golgi body and mitochondrion using transmission electron micrograph features, including fluid mosaic membrane differences.

2. Defense mechanisms in the respiratory system, focusing on macrophage action and mucociliary clearance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

3. Lactase enzyme catalysis, immobilized enzyme use in lactose-free milk production, and advantages of immobilization for reducing product inhibition.

4. Water transport in plant roots via apoplast and symplast pathways, with emphasis on cell-specific mitochondrial density.

5. Heart conduction system roles of SAN and AVN, and structural comparisons of arteries, veins, and capillaries in transverse sections.

6. DNA replication steps, including helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase functions, and mitosis stage identification using root tip photomicrographs.