Biology 9700/42 Oct Nov 2018 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Conservation efforts for critically endangered species, including zoos' roles in breeding and genetic diversity preservation.

2. Genetic basis of lactose persistence, natural selection mechanisms in human populations, and regulatory gene impacts on enzyme production.

3. Hardy-Weinberg principle application for allele frequency calculations, population genetics, and environmental influences on phenotype prevalence.

4. Genetic modification in livestock for desirable traits like hornlessness, ethical advantages, and efficiency over traditional selective breeding.

5. Enzyme functions in muscle contraction, including ATP hydrolysis and cross-bridge cycling.

6. Regulation of gene expression in bacterial systems through operon models, emphasizing inducible enzymes and environmental adaptability.