Biology 9700/41 May June 2019 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Investigation of transport proteins and ion movements in plant cells, including effects of hydrogen ions and potassium ions on cell walls and turgor changes.

2. Analysis of genetic factors affecting interpupillary distance, including PAX3 gene function, gene-environment interaction, and microarray analysis for gene expression.

3. Study of Parkinson’s disease genetics, focusing on PINK1 mutations, genetic diagrams, and molecular effects of recessive and dominant mutations on protein function and mitochondrial health.

4. Stepwise mapping of link reaction and Krebs cycle stages, roles of NAD in aerobic respiration, and CO₂ transport as bicarbonate ions in mammals.

5. Examination of founder effect and natural selection in Anolis sagrei, with correlation of hind limb length to perch diameter, analysis of speciation, and risks of extinction in small populations.

6. Comparative analysis of GM maize (MON810) and traditional varieties, addressing genetic engineering for pest resistance, agricultural yield impacts, and ethical considerations of GM crop cultivation.

7. Evaluation of glucose homeostasis mechanisms in diabetes, use of biosensors and dipsticks for glucose monitoring, and insulin’s role in regulating blood glucose levels.

8. Assessment of biodiversity metrics across different habitats, implications of environmental changes on species survival, and conservation significance of genetic and habitat diversity.