Biology 9700/53 Oct Nov 2022 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

- Antibiotic resistance in bacteria, global health issue, research into antibacterial substances, honey as antibacterial agent, methylglyoxal (MGO) in Manuka honey.
- Investigation of antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, comparison of MGO and antibiotic solution, determination of lowest effective concentrations.
- Use of broth culture, turbidity as measure of bacterial growth, significance of sterile cotton wool bung for contamination prevention.
- Control measures in experimental design, dilution preparation of Manuka honey, independent and dependent variables in honey solution investigation.
- Prediction of results based on honey's antibacterial properties, methodology for determining lowest effective concentration of Manuka honey.
- Statistical analysis using chi-squared test, null hypothesis formulation, significance of results in comparing Manuka and Germania honey effectiveness against MRSA.