Carbon dioxide is continually produced by respiring cells. It diffuses into red blood cells and
dissociates into hydrogen ions $\left( {H + } \right)$ and hydrogen carbonate ions $\left( {HCO_3^ - } \right)$. $HCO_3^ - $ then diffuses out of the cell in exchange for chloride ions $\left( {C{l^--}} \right)$ in the chloride shift.
What is the importance of the chloride shift?
1 )
It helps to maintain a neutral pH in the red blood cell by acting as a buffer.
It maintains a balance of positive and negative charge between the cell and the plasma.
3 )
It causes the oxygen dissociation curve to shift to the left, releasing more oxygen.
4 )
It prevents carbon dioxide combining with haemoglobin, allowing haemoglobin to combine with oxygen.
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