Citizenship Studies J270,01 June 2022 , OCR GCSE Past Papers with Mark Schemes

1. Legal Systems and Human Rights | Maximum age for youth court trials, key rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), role of employee associations, rule of law principles, legal protections against discrimination.

2. Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement | Jury responsibilities in criminal trials, qualifications for lay magistrates, applications of civil law, legal principles in court cases, police powers in emergency situations.

3. Government, Politics, and Democracy | Role of parliamentary select committees, House of Lords membership selection, advantages of proportional representation, government accountability to the media, National Insurance system.

4. Public Policy and Economic Management | Factors influencing government welfare spending, relationship between unemployment and government income, government role in media regulation, public services managed by national government.

5. International Relations and Global Governance | UK’s role in the United Nations, impact of the Commonwealth, application of international humanitarian law, United Nations’ response to global conflicts.

6. Non-Governmental Organizations and Humanitarian Efforts | Advantages of NGOs over national governments in crisis response, role of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, effectiveness of NGOs in humanitarian aid distribution.