Latin J282,02 November 2021

1. Pliny’s Report to Trajan | Journey to Ephesus despite strong winds, decision to use a mix of sea and land travel, frustration with weather delays.

2. Caesar’s Strategic Landing in Britain | Assessment of landing conditions, coordination of officers, unexpected resistance from British forces.

3. Roman Challenges in Landing | Deep waters preventing easy disembarkation, well-prepared British warriors, logistical disadvantages.

4. Dramatic Heroism in Battle | Standard-bearer’s bold leap to inspire troops, fear of dishonor driving soldiers to follow, rallying effect on morale.

5. Hannibal’s Army Struggling in the Alps | Exhaustion from harsh conditions, extreme cold adding to their suffering, slow and demoralized progress.

6. Treacherous Descent and Cliffs | Steep rock faces, soldiers struggling to descend, use of hands to cling onto roots, recent landslides worsening danger.