Physical Education J587,01 June 2023

1. Exercise Physiology and Training – Strength testing methods; intensity levels for cool downs; importance of progression and specificity in training programs.

2. Biomechanics and Movement – Lever classifications in sports actions; movement planes and rotation axes; role of tendons and ligaments in flexibility and injury prevention.

3. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function – Blood flow through the heart and vena cava; impact of exercise on heart rate regulation; short- and long-term cardiovascular adaptations.

4. Injury Prevention and Risk Management – Hazards in sports environments (artificial and grass surfaces); use of protective gear; reducing injury risk in volleyball and cricket.

5. Physical and Mental Health in Sport – Long-term benefits of exercise on the cardiovascular system; emotional and social consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.

6. Performance and Recovery Analysis – Tracking stamina changes in athletes; impact of reversibility; effects of lactic acid on muscle fatigue during endurance sports.