Chemistry 9701,41 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge AS - A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Acid-Base Equilibria & Buffer Solutions | Phosphate Buffers & Blood pH Regulation – Identifying conjugate acid-base pairs, buffer system equations, and the role of phosphate buffers in biological systems.

2. Solubility & Ionic Equilibria | Group 2 Hydroxides & Solubility Product Calculations – Determining Ksp values, comparing solubility trends, and understanding the effects of lattice energy.

3. Thermodynamics & Gibbs Free Energy | Enthalpy, Entropy & Solubility Predictions – Applying entropy calculations, evaluating spontaneity, and predicting solubility changes with temperature.

4. Reaction Kinetics & Rate Equations | Order of Reaction & Rate Constant Determination – Constructing rate equations, calculating rate constants, and analyzing reaction half-lives.

5. Catalysis & Transition Metal Chemistry | Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Catalysts – Understanding catalytic mechanisms, role of iron in redox reactions, and differences between catalyst types.

6. Complex Ion Formation & Coordination Chemistry | Ligand Exchange & Stability Constants – Identifying coordination complexes, predicting stability order, and analyzing spectroscopic properties.

7. Electrochemistry & Redox Reactions | Standard Electrode Potentials & Redox Couples – Selecting strong oxidizing agents, calculating E° cell values, and predicting redox feasibility.

8. Aromatic Chemistry & Organic Synthesis | Electrophilic Substitution & Functional Group Interconversions – Identifying reaction mechanisms, predicting regioselectivity, and analyzing NMR spectra.

9. Spectroscopy & Structural Analysis | Proton & Carbon-13 NMR Interpretation – Assigning chemical shifts, analyzing splitting patterns, and using deuterium exchange techniques.

10. Amino Acids & Peptide Chemistry | Amide Bond Formation & Protein Hydrolysis – Understanding condensation reactions, hydrolysis conditions, and peptide linkage stability.