Biology 0610/22 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge IGCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Cell Biology & Genetics | Mitochondrial function, DNA base pairing, gene expression, mutation effects, mitosis and DNA replication patterns.

2. Human Physiology & Circulatory System | Blood vessel structure, function of valves in veins, blood flow through the heart, risk factors for coronary heart disease, respiratory mechanisms.

3. Enzymes & Digestion | Effect of pH on enzyme activity, protease location and function, substrate-product relationships, factors affecting enzyme action, lactase use in lactose-free milk production.

4. Photosynthesis & Transport in Plants | Chlorophyll production requirements, phloem vs. xylem transport, transpiration rate influencers, structure and function of mesophyll cells.

5. Ecology & Environment | Carbon cycle processes, greenhouse gases, human impact on CO₂ levels, nitrogen cycle stages, effects of nitrate pollution on aquatic ecosystems.

6. Genetics & Evolution | Blood type inheritance, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, selective breeding in crops, cross-pollination effects on plant traits, conservation impact on bird populations.

7. Respiration & Energy Transfer | Aerobic respiration equation, CO₂ production during anaerobic respiration, ATP generation, muscle respiration rate, energy transfer in food chains.

8. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering | Role of bacteria in genetic modification, plasmid function, use of enzymes in biotechnology, practical applications of genetic modification.