Marine Science 0697/23 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge IGCSE Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Lanternfish Adaptations & Migration | Bioluminescence function, daily migration patterns, role in food webs, and impact on ocean ecosystems.

2. Tectonic Activity & Tsunamis | Plate boundary identification, tsunami formation mechanisms, and impact on marine environments.

3. Tidal Measurement & Data Analysis | Comparison of tide measurement methods, calculation of tidal amplitude, and differences between spring and neap tides.

4. Marine Pollution & Climate Change | MARPOL regulations for oil tankers, ocean acidification experiment, and effects of melting ice on sea levels.

5. Coral Reef Conservation & Biodiversity | Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), coral polyp density, fish diversity trends, and adaptations of reef species.

6. Mangrove & Kelp Ecosystems | Role of aerial roots in mangroves, investigation of sediment moisture, kelp photosynthesis adaptations, and energy flow in marine food chains.