Commerce 7100/12 Oct Nov 2024

1. Industry and Commerce – Definitions of industry, specialization benefits, and types of trade and commercial activities.

2. Retailing and Distribution – Trends in retailing, role of wholesalers, and different distribution channels.

3. Pricing, Trade, and Finance – Cash discounts, balance of trade calculations, and importance of international trade.

4. Advertising and Marketing – Methods of advertising, branding importance, and impact of communication in global markets.

5. Banking, Insurance, and Business Structure – Types of insurance, banking transactions, business ownership types, and financial management.

6. Economic and Environmental Factors – Impact of economic conditions on business, PEST analysis, and strategies to reduce carbon footprint.