Biology 4BI1/2BR May Jun 2022

Edexcel IGCSE Biology (4BI1) Jun 2022

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Kidney Function and Dialysis: Causes of kidney disease, comparison of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, osmoregulation explanation, and composition of dialysis solution.

2. Energy in Food and Respiration: Experiment measuring energy released from burning bread, differences between experimental and actual energy values, and improvements for accuracy.

3. Absorption and Digestion: Structure of the small intestine for absorption, role of microvilli, mitochondria function, and placenta′s function in nutrient and gas exchange.

4. Ecology and Pollution Indicators: Effects of sewage pollution on oxygen levels, bacteria, and invertebrates; explanation of biodiversity and bioindicators like mayfly nymphs and tubifex worms.

5. Hormones and Homeostasis: Identification of hormone sources, target cells, and functions; differences between hormones and neurotransmitters.

6. Cloning and Genetic Engineering: Steps in cloning a horse, reasons why castration prevents natural reproduction but not cloning, ethical considerations in horse racing, and differences between cloning and genetic modification.