Biology 4BI1/2B May Jun 2023

Edexcel IGCSE Biology (4BI1) Jun 2023

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Bioluminescence and Environmental Impact: Role of dinoflagellates in oceanic glowing events, effects of farming and deforestation on population increase, oxygen depletion due to mass die-offs, and potential applications in sustainable street lighting.

2. Plant Water Uptake and Transpiration: Investigation of water uptake in plant shoots, measuring volume change, effect of airflow on transpiration rates, and experimental design considerations.

3. Nephron Structure and Kidney Function: Identification of nephron components, cross-sectional area calculations of blood vessels, importance of lumen width in filtration, and testing urine for protein presence.

4. Photosynthesis and Gas Exchange: Experimental analysis of temperature effects on gas exchange in leaves, use of hydrogen-carbonate indicator, influence of darkness on CO₂ concentration, and role of stomatal adaptations.

5. Reproductive Hormones and Contraception: Function of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle, interpretation of hormone level graphs, comparison of oral, injection, and implant contraceptive methods in terms of effectiveness and usability.

6. Selective Breeding and Genetic Modification: Techniques for producing snapdragons with desired traits, micropropagation process, effects of ionizing radiation on DNA mutations, and genetic variation analysis in manipulated plants.