Chemistry 4CH1/1C January 2023

Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Jan 2023

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Atomic Structure and Bonding: Atomic and mass numbers, electronic configurations, isotopes, periodic table trends, ionic and covalent bonding, dot-and-cross diagrams.

2. States of Matter and Separation Techniques: Changes of state, solubility, chromatography, filtration, crystallization, and distillation.

3. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium: Balancing equations, reactivity series, displacement reactions, oxidation-reduction processes, reaction rate factors, Le Chatelier’s principle.

4. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, functional groups, esterification, and carboxylic acids.

5. Acids, Bases, and Titration: pH scale, neutralization reactions, titration calculations, solubility of salts, and precipitation reactions.

6. Electrolysis and Industrial Chemistry: Electrolysis of solutions, half-equations, metal conductivity, industrial extraction of metals, corrosion prevention, and environmental impact of industrial processes.