Chemistry 4CH1/2CR June 2023

Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Jul 2023

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Atomic Structure and Periodicity: Atomic number, mass number, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic trends, and element classification.

2. Chemical Reactions and Bonding: Ionic and covalent bonding, dot-and-cross diagrams, balancing chemical equations, reactivity series, redox reactions, and displacement reactions.

3. Acids, Bases, and Titration: pH scale, acid-base neutralization, titration calculations, solubility rules, precipitation reactions, and electrolysis of aqueous solutions.

4. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, functional groups, esterification, and carboxylic acids.

5. Industrial Chemistry and Energy Changes: Fractional distillation of crude oil, catalytic cracking, combustion energy, exothermic vs. endothermic reactions, bond energy calculations, and equilibrium principles.

6. Environmental and Applied Chemistry: Corrosion prevention, catalytic converters, nitrogen cycle, sustainability in chemical processes, and the impact of chemical industries on the environment.