Chemistry 4CH1/2C May June 2021

Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Jul 2021

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Atomic Structure and Bonding: Atomic and mass numbers, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic table trends, ionic and covalent bonding, and dot-and-cross diagrams.

2. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium: Balancing equations, reactivity series, redox reactions, displacement reactions, reaction rate factors, and Le Chatelier’s principle.

3. Acids, Bases, and Titration: pH scale, acid-base neutralization, titration calculations, solubility rules, and precipitation reactions.

4. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, functional groups, esterification, and carboxylic acids.

5. Electrolysis and Industrial Chemistry: Conductivity in different states, electrolysis of solutions, ionic half-equations, metal extraction, corrosion prevention, and catalytic converters.

6. Chemical Energetics and Environmental Impact: Exothermic vs. endothermic reactions, bond energy calculations, enthalpy changes, sustainability in chemical processes, and environmental effects of industrial chemistry.