Chemistry 4CH1/1C January 2021

Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Jan 2021

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Atomic Structure and Bonding: Atomic number, mass number, electron configurations, isotopes, periodic table trends, ionic and covalent bonding, and dot-and-cross diagrams.

2. States of Matter and Separation Techniques: Changes of state, filtration, crystallization, distillation, chromatography, solubility, and methods for separating mixtures.

3. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium: Balancing equations, reactivity series, oxidation-reduction reactions, displacement reactions, reaction rate factors, and Le Chatelier’s principle.

4. Acids, Bases, and Titration: pH scale, acid-base neutralization, titration calculations, solubility rules, precipitation reactions, and acid-base indicators.

5. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, alkenes, polymerization, combustion, cracking, functional groups, esterification, and carboxylic acids.

6. Electrolysis and Industrial Chemistry: Conductivity in different states, electrolysis of solutions, ionic half-equations, metal extraction, corrosion prevention, and catalytic converters.