Biology 9700/11 Oct Nov 2011 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular structures: ribosomes, cristae, and components unique to each cell type, such as endoplasmic reticulum and centrioles.

2. Biological molecules: disaccharide compositions (maltose, sucrose), polysaccharides like glycogen and amylopectin, and protein bonding types including disulfide and hydrogen bonds.

3. Enzyme activity and inhibition: effects on active site shape, reduction of reaction rates, and energy diagrams depicting catalyzed vs. uncatalyzed reactions.

4. Transport mechanisms: active transport definitions, facilitated diffusion, osmosis roles in cell membranes, and plant adaptations for water potential and stomatal control.

5. DNA processes: semi-conservative replication evidence using isotopes, base pairing in exact copying, and polypeptide synthesis governed by DNA.

6. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems: effects of smoking on cardiovascular disease, oxygen transport efficiency, and features of alveoli and capillaries enhancing gas exchange.

7. Ecosystem dynamics: food web interactions, energy flow, and population definitions, including seasonal changes in producer-consumer relationships in aquatic environments.