Economics WEC13/01 June 2021

Edexcel International AS/A Level Economics (WEC) Jun 2021

معلم موافق رایگان بودن است.

1. Hydroelectric power plant operation principles: water flow through turbines, energy conversion, efficiency factors, power output calculation, head and discharge parameters.
2. Performance evaluation of turbines: turbine types, characteristics, head loss, efficiency curves, power coefficient optimization.
3. Hydraulic machinery design considerations: runner design, flow patterns, cavitation effects, structural and mechanical stresses.
4. Governing and control systems for hydraulic turbines: speed regulation, load balancing, wicket gate mechanisms, transient response.
5. Fluid dynamics in penstocks and draft tubes: pressure distribution, velocity profiles, surge tank effects, water hammer phenomena.
6. Energy losses and maintenance aspects in hydro plants: friction losses, wear and tear, sediment impact, operational reliability metrics.