Cambridge Progression Test Stage 7 Science 2023 Paper1

1. Biology: cell part-function matching (membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria), palisade cell photosynthesis adaptations, euglena classification ambiguity, food webs and energy return (decomposition, respiration), species definition using mule-horse-donkey example.
2. Chemistry: material type identification (element, compound, alloy), pH analysis of substances using Universal Indicator, hazard symbol interpretation (ethanol, mercury nitrate), neutralisation pH changes, precipitation reaction recognition.
3. Physics: energy transfer in TV/car, reflection of sound (echo), speed-distance-time calculation (sonar), conductors vs insulators (graphite, aluminium), particles in conduction (electrons), magnetic field strength and field reversal.
4. Earth science: tectonic plate boundaries and associated events (volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain formation), model limitations, atmospheric gas composition (nitrogen, oxygen), gravity-mass relationship across planets.
5. Scientific skills: dichotomous key for vertebrate classification, drawing arrows in food webs, completing data tables and periodic table reading, interpreting graphs (heart rate, energy percentages), mass-gravity correlation.