Biology 9700/11 Oct Nov 2016 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Transverse section of capillary analysis, magnification calculations, and ribosome locations in organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria.

2. Polysaccharides: α-1,4 and β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in amylose, cellulose, glycogen; condensation and hydrolysis reactions in carbohydrates and proteins.

3. Cell membrane fluidity regulation by cholesterol and glycolipids; passive diffusion of gases like CO\\(_2\\) through phospholipid bilayers.

4. Mitosis versus interphase in the cell cycle, chromatids doubling, and structural integrity of nuclear envelopes pre-prophase.

5. Purine-pyrimidine pairing in DNA, base composition, and mutations affecting nucleotide sequences, mRNA transcription, and protein function.

6. Mechanisms of mass flow in phloem, roles of active transport in sucrose loading, and water potential effects on phloem sap dynamics.

7. Oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin, effects of altitude on oxygen affinity, and S-shaped curve due to cooperative binding of oxygen molecules.

8. Challenges in malaria control due to antigenic variability of Plasmodium, insecticide resistance, and increased global travel.