Biology 9700/12 Oct Nov 2018 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Features and size range of typical prokaryotes, resolution changes with light wavelength in microscopy.

2. Structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including DNA configuration and ribosomal types.

3. Biological molecule testing, including reducing and non-reducing sugars and breaking glycosidic bonds.

4. Properties of polysaccharides, peptide bonds, and hydrogen bonding in proteins and water.

5. Mechanisms of enzyme inhibition, enzyme-substrate affinity analysis via Km values, and competitive vs. non-competitive inhibition.

6. Xylem and phloem adaptations for water and solute transport, including mass flow and hydrostatic pressure gradients.