Biology 9700/13 May June 2023 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Visualization capabilities of light versus electron microscopy, focusing on structures like Paramecium, DNA, and ribosomes.

2. Mitochondrial evolution from prokaryotic cells, emphasizing structural changes such as loss of cell wall and retention of circular DNA.

3. Functional roles of polymers in viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, including polynucleotides and polypeptides.

4. Tests for non-reducing sugars and steps involving hydrolysis, neutralization, and Benedict’s reagent.

5. Cellulose properties contributing to its role in plant structure: hydrogen bonding between chains and water insolubility.

6. Enzyme kinetics, including Michaelis-Menten constant determination and factors influencing reaction rates.

7. Transport mechanisms in plant roots and stems: symplast, apoplast pathways, and Casparian strip involvement.

8. Blood transport dynamics: tissue fluid formation, capillary pressures, and gas exchange in alveoli.

9. Application of Hardy-Weinberg principle in genetic analysis and the physiological roles of phloem and xylem.

10. Immune response principles, monoclonal antibody production, and factors influencing infectious disease control.