Chemistry 9701/41 Oct Nov 2014 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Rate determination for 2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂ using initial rates; order with respect to reactants, rate equation, and calculation of rate constant including units.
2. Boltzmann distribution curves at different temperatures; effect of temperature increase on reaction rates based on energy distribution and activation energy.
3. Transition metal chemistry: electron configurations of Ni and Ni²⁺, d-orbital splitting in octahedral complexes, color origin in [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺, and reactions with NH₃ to form precipitates and complex ions.
4. Isotopic mass and peak intensity prediction for PCl₃ fragments, structural and bonding representations for PCl₅, [PCl₄]⁺, and [PCl₆]⁻, and calculation of Ksp for Ca₃(PO₄)₂ based on solubility.
5. Electrophilic substitution in methylbenzene with NO₂⁺, acidity comparisons of chloroethanoic acid, ethanoic acid, phenol, and ethanol, and reactions of phenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate with reagents.
6. Relative rates of hydrolysis for organohalogens based on structure, functional group identification in aminolaevulinic acid, and polymerization to form repeating units.
7. Separation of amino acids via electrophoresis and chromatography based on charge, polarity, and solubility, and effects of valine-serine substitution on protein tertiary structure.
8. Analysis of oseltamivir’s functional groups for hydrolysis, benefits of using single optical isomers, competitive inhibition mechanism, and ATP’s role in energy transfer.
9. Structure determination of a saturated alcohol (T) using mass spectrometry and NMR, including splitting patterns, chemical environment analysis, and effects of D₂O on NMR spectra.