Chemistry 9701/23 Oct Nov 2015 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Structure and bonding of aluminum and its compounds, including empirical and molecular formula determination of aluminum chloride and its sublimation properties.
2. Enthalpy changes in chemical reactions, including formation and Haber process reactions, with emphasis on bond energy calculations, temperature-pressure conditions, and their impact on ammonia synthesis.
3. Applications and environmental impact of ammonia and nitrate-based fertilizers, including eutrophication in rivers and atmospheric effects of nitrogen oxides.
4. Structural isomerism, chirality, and combustion reactions of heptane, including complete and incomplete combustion and environmental consequences of unburnt hydrocarbons.
5. Mechanism and reaction pathway of free radical substitution in the chlorination of alkanes under UV light, with detailed stages and equations.
6. Reactions of ethanol and related compounds, including oxidation, substitution, and elimination reactions, with focus on intermolecular forces, product volatility, and observation-based ionic equations.