Chemistry 9701/36 Oct Nov 2019 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Quantitative analysis: Titration techniques to determine the concentration of limewater (Ca(OH)₂), including dilution of HCl, calculation of moles, and mass of Ca(OH)₂ in solution.
2. Thermodynamics and enthalpy changes: Calculation of the energy produced in reactions, enthalpy changes for neutralization, and use of Hess's Law to determine the enthalpy change for the decomposition of calcium hydroxide.
3. Experimental setup and techniques: Methods for calorimetry, including measurement of temperature changes, energy calculations, and accurate titration procedures for consistent results.
4. Error analysis and optimization: Discussion of factors affecting accuracy in measuring enthalpy changes, such as container size, acid concentration, and experimental procedure refinements.
5. Reaction mechanisms and stoichiometry: Derivation of chemical equations, moles calculation, and determination of the concentration of reactants based on experimental data.
6. Practical analysis: Evaluation of experimental methods, discussion of potential improvements in procedure accuracy, and application of theoretical knowledge to real-life laboratory conditions.