Chemistry 9701/12 May June 2021 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Avogadro constant definitions, first ionization energy equations for iodine, boiling point trends based on molecular structures and intermolecular forces, and bond angle estimations for organic molecules.

2. Calculations for gas mixtures (pressure and volume relations), reaction pathway analysis for catalysis, bond energy determinations from reaction enthalpy, and redox behavior in chemical equations.

3. Reaction rates and order determination based on experimental data, hydrolysis of chlorides in water, Period 3 element oxides and chlorides properties, and agricultural applications of basic compounds to amend soil pH.

4. Thermal stability trends in Group 2 compounds, identification of strong oxidizing agents for halides, and chemical implications of water treatment by chlorine and associated antibacterial species.

5. Alcohol reaction mechanisms, nucleophilic substitution outcomes, infrared spectroscopy for organic molecule identification, and the effects of reagent choices in synthetic pathways.

6. Dynamic equilibrium principles in reversible reactions, temperature effects on kinetic energy and reaction rates, pH variation due to oxide-water interactions, and synthesis routes for insoluble salts like barium sulfate.

7. Organic molecule analysis for functional groups like alcohols (primary, secondary, tertiary), polymerization processes involving sigma and pi bond changes, and hybridization transitions in carbon atoms during reactions.

8. Oxidation potential for alcohol derivatives, distinguishing reactions forming carboxylic acids, and systematic analysis of products from acid and alcohol interactions under acidic conditions.