Biology 9700,43 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge AS - A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Neuronal Structure and Function | Comparison of rat and snail motor neurons, impulse transmission speed differences, and analysis of action potentials in different species.

2. Stomatal Regulation and Gene-Environment Interaction | Explanation of stomatal opening and closing, guard cell mechanisms, and the influence of environmental and genetic factors on stomatal rhythms.

3. Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production | Stages of cellular respiration, role of coenzymes, RQ calculations for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and energy yield differences.

4. Plant Responses and Photosynthesis Mechanisms | Comparison of movement mechanisms in Mimosa pudica and Venus flytraps, impact of leaf closure on photosynthesis, and differences between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.

5. Reproductive Strategies in Plants and Animals | Definition of haploidy, differentiation between asexual and sexual reproduction in Lunularia cruciata, and necessity of meiosis in gamete formation.

6. Excretion and Osmoregulation in Mammals | Urea formation, components of osmoregulation, filtration in the nephron, and adaptations for water conservation in different mammalian species.

7. Natural Selection and Evolutionary Mechanisms | Analysis of selection pressures in tadpole populations, sympatric speciation, and phylogenetic relationships determined by DNA analysis.

8. Genetic Engineering and Molecular Techniques | Gene synthesis methods, roles of DNA ligase and polymerase, and PCR cycle processes with temperature-dependent reactions.

9. Lichen Ecology and Conservation | Characterization of Kingdoms Protoctista and Fungi, use of lichens as bioindicators, and the importance of conserving overlooked species in ecosystems.

10. Population Genetics and Estimation Techniques | Inheritance of melanic traits in moths, test cross analysis, use of the Lincoln index for population size estimation, and genetic loci differentiation.