Chemistry 9701,42 Oct Nov 2024 | Cambridge AS - A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Reaction Kinetics & Catalysis | First-order reaction rate calculations, rate constant determination, homogeneous vs. heterogeneous catalysis, and catalytic mechanisms in industrial processes.

2. Thermodynamics & Redox Chemistry | Enthalpy of hydration trends, lattice energy calculations using Born-Haber cycles, Gibbs free energy and solubility predictions, and standard electrode potentials.

3. Acid-Base Equilibria & Solubility | pH and solubility product calculations, buffer solution mechanisms, conjugate acid-base pairs, and precipitation reactions of hydroxides.

4. Transition Metal Chemistry | Complex ion formation, ligand exchange, stability constants, d-orbital splitting, isomerism in coordination compounds, and redox titrations with transition metals.

5. Organic Synthesis & Reaction Mechanisms | Electrophilic substitution in benzene, nucleophilic substitution comparisons, polymerization reactions, ester and amide linkages, and acidity of carboxylic acids.

6. Spectroscopy & Structural Analysis | Proton and carbon-13 NMR interpretation, optical isomerism, effects of chiral centers, ionization states of amino acids at different pH levels, and buffer system behavior.