Biology 9700/05 Oct Nov 2002 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Calvin cycle disruption: glycerate phosphate (GP) concentration rise and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) decline when light is turned off, reflecting halted photophosphorylation.

2. Mitochondrial adaptations: cristae surface area for oxidative phosphorylation and matrix enzyme content for Krebs cycle processes; NAD’s role as a coenzyme in electron transport.

3. Liver lobule functions: Kupffer cells in phagocytosis and detoxification, hepatocyte roles in fat metabolism and deamination, and blood composition changes post-meal in hepatic veins.

4. Meiosis stages: identification of specific phases in meiosis II, descriptions of spindle fiber dynamics, and genetic variation introduced by crossing over and independent assortment.

5. Scallop genetics: inheritance of shell color traits linked to alleles (yellow, orange, black), and marine biologists’ methods for breeding pure orange scallops through controlled selection.