Biology 9700/05 May June 2008 | Cambridge AS Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. Littorina and Fucus investigation: relationship analysis using quadrats, percentage cover estimation for Fucus spiralis, and mollusc count correlations.

2. Photosynthesis rate effects of CO\\(_2\\): use of apparatus with pondweed, oxygen collection, CO\\(_2\\) sensor integration, and expected rate-concentration trends.

3. Kidney tubule diameter measurement: eyepiece graticule usage for proximal and distal convoluted tubule analysis, and standard deviation for reliability assessment.

4. Statistical evaluation in biological experiments: t-test significance analysis of lumen diameters, critical value interpretation, and hypothesis validation.

5. Experimental validity: conclusions on brush border impact in proximal tubule lumen differences and reliability challenges in microscopy-based measurements.